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NIST 800-171 Vulnerability Scanning Process

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Initiate Vulnerability Scan

Starting a vulnerability scan is like embarking on a journey to fortify your digital fortress. This task sets the pace for your scanning strategy, encouraging you to adopt a proactive stance against potential threats. Do you have the experiences and insights needed to propel this initial step?

  1. Define your objectives.
  2. Gather necessary resources.
  3. Identify potential risks early on.

Once you overcome these challenges, the result is a clearly structured scan schedule that aligns with your security policies.

  • 1
    Nmap
  • 2
    Nessus
  • 3
    OpenVAS
  • 4
    Qualys
  • 5
    Rapid7

Identify System Components

Which components are subject to analysis during the scan? This task outlines a detailed survey of your infrastructural expanse. It is essential to avoid missing assets that may introduce blind spots. Imagine walking through fields where no stone is left unturned!

The key is knowing every nook and cranny of your system landscape.

  • 1
    Servers
  • 2
    Workstations
  • 3
    Networking Devices
  • 4
    Databases
  • 5
    Applications
  • 1
    DMZ
  • 2
    LAN
  • 3
    WAN
  • 4
    VPN
  • 5
    Guest Network

Perform Asset Inventory

Facing the chaos of disorganized assets? Fear not, as this step brings order with a comprehensive take of your asset registry. Why does it matter? Because a curated inventory forms the backbone of an effective vulnerability scan.

The task aids in visualizing asset relationships, assessing their criticality, and preemptively recognizing their risks.

  • 1
    IP Address
  • 2
    Operating System
  • 3
    Purpose
  • 4
    Location
  • 5
    Owner
  • 1
    IT Department
  • 2
    Finance Department
  • 3
    HR Department
  • 4
    Marketing Department
  • 5
    Sales Team

Define Scan Parameters

Careful parameter definition answers the question: How thoroughly do we need to scan? Here, you refine the approach, choosing between depth and breadth based on available resources.

Mastering this step requires balance—accuracy in defining threat vectors, determining scan intensity, and choosing a proper technique ensures a comprehensive scan outcome.

  • 1
    Define IP Range
  • 2
    Select Scan Type
  • 3
    Set Intensity Level
  • 4
    Identify Test Scenarios
  • 5
    Determine Frequency
  • 1
    Low
  • 2
    Medium
  • 3
    High
  • 4
    Critical
  • 5
    Custom

Schedule Scanning Activities

Timing is everything! Scheduling scans allow for seamless integration with other security operations. Are there peak hours to avoid? Perhaps specific maintenance windows to exploit?

Finding that perfect time slot is indispensable in aligning scans with operational workflows.

Scheduled Scanning Plan Confirmation

  • 1
    Morning
  • 2
    Afternoon
  • 3
    Evening
  • 4
    Night
  • 5
    Weekend

Execute Vulnerability Scans

Action time! Running scans is the climactic point where policies and preparations are put to the test. What do you expect to uncover? How will you maximize data accuracy and fidelity?

Executing scans demands attention—ensuring tools are deployed correctly, network disruptions are minimal, and intermediate findings are understood.

  • 1
    Network Scan
  • 2
    Web Application Scan
  • 3
    Database Scan
  • 4
    Patch Audit
  • 5
    Malware Scan

Analyze Scan Results

Unearthing vulnerabilities is about separating the signal from the noise. Through thoughtful analysis, ascertain actionable insights by dissecting the data.

Dive deep into results to filter true vulnerabilities from false positives, setting the stage for follow-up actions.

  • 1
    Splunk
  • 2
    ELK Stack
  • 3
    QRadar
  • 4
    SolarWinds
  • 5
    Custom Scripts

Identify False Positives

Not everything detected is a cause for alarm! Identifying false positives prevents resource wastage. Why chase non-issues when real risks need your attention?

This step ensures that attention is given to genuine challenges, avoiding disruptions caused by mistaken identities.

  • 1
    Review Suspicious Entries
  • 2
    Confirm with IT
  • 3
    Cross-check with Asset Inventory
  • 4
    Consult Historical Data
  • 5
    Validate Patterns
  • 1
    Manual Review
  • 2
    Tool-Based Detection
  • 3
    Cross-Verification
  • 4
    Pattern Analysis
  • 5
    Third-Party Confirmation

Document Vulnerabilities Found

A proper log of discovered vulnerabilities transforms randomness into actionable intelligence. Are you adept at detailing discoveries in a structured format?

Documenting rigorously enhances credibility, traceability, and forms the foundation for remediation efforts.

  • 1
    NIST Guidelines
  • 2
    ISO Standards
  • 3
    CIS Benchmarks
  • 4
    OWASP Checklists
  • 5
    Custom Protocol

Prioritize Vulnerabilities

Not all vulnerabilities are created equal! Prioritization guides resources to where they have the most impact, like shining a spotlight on the most pressing challenges.

Identify what takes precedence—immediacy in addressing highly-rated risks minimizes exposure and mitigates impacts.

  • 1
    CVSS
  • 2
    Business Impact
  • 3
    Exploitability
  • 4
    Asset Criticality
  • 5
    Regulation Compliance
  • 1
    Threat Level
  • 2
    Asset Importance
  • 3
    Exploitation Potential
  • 4
    Customer Impact
  • 5
    Legal Consequences

Recommendation for Mitigation

Approval: Mitigation Strategy

Will be submitted for approval:
  • Document Vulnerabilities Found
    Will be submitted
  • Prioritize Vulnerabilities
    Will be submitted
  • Recommendation for Mitigation
    Will be submitted

Implement Mitigation Actions

Re-scan to Verify Mitigation

Report Compliance Status

The post NIST 800-171 Vulnerability Scanning Process first appeared on Process Street.


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